Eugene Polley, wani injiniyan injiniya daga Chicago, ya ƙirƙiro na'urar nesa ta TV ta farko a shekarar 1955, ɗaya daga cikin na'urori da aka fi amfani da su a duniya.
Polly injiniya ne da ya koyar da kansa a Chicago wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa na'urorin nesa ta talabijin a shekarar 1955.
Yana hasashen makomar da ba za mu taɓa tashi daga kan kujera ko mu jijjiga kowace tsoka ba (sai dai yatsunmu).
Polly ya shafe shekaru 47 a Zenith Electronics, daga ma'aikacin rumbun ajiya zuwa mai ƙirƙira mai ƙirƙira mai ƙirƙira. Ya ƙirƙiro takardun mallaka 18 daban-daban.
Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafawa ta nesa ta farko ta Zenith Flash-Matic TV a shekarar 1955. Yana sarrafa bututun da hasken rana. (Zenith Electronics)
Babban abin da ya ƙirƙira shi ne na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta farko mara waya, wadda aka sani da Flash-Matic. Wasu na'urorin sarrafawa na baya an haɗa su da TV ɗin.
Flash-Matic na Polly ya maye gurbin fasahar sarrafa nesa ta TV guda ɗaya tilo da aka sani a lokacin, wacce take da shekaru 8.
Tun daga farkon talabijin, wannan nau'in aikin ɗan adam na asali wanda ba shi da tabbas ya zama dole ya ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da son rai ba, yana canza hanyoyin aiki bisa ga umarnin manya da 'yan'uwa maza da mata.
Flash-Matic yayi kama da bindigar sci-fi ray. Yana sarrafa bututun da hasken rana.
"Lokacin da yara ke canza hanyoyin sadarwa, yawanci dole ne su daidaita kunnuwansu na zomo," in ji babban mataimakin shugaban Zenith kuma masanin tarihin kamfanin John Taylor.
Kamar miliyoyin Amurkawa 'yan sama da shekaru 50, Taylor ya shafe ƙuruciyarsa yana tallata talabijin na iyali ba tare da komai ba.
A cikin wata sanarwa da aka fitar a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1955, Zenith ta sanar da cewa Flash-Matic na gabatar da "wani sabon nau'in talabijin mai ban mamaki".
A cewar Zenith, sabon samfurin "yana amfani da walƙiyar haske daga ƙaramin na'ura mai siffar bindiga don kunna da kashe talabijin, canza tashoshi, ko kashe dogon talla."
Sanarwar Zenith ta ci gaba da cewa: "Hasken sihiri (wanda ba shi da lahani ga mutane) ne ke yin duk aikin. Ba a buƙatar wayoyi masu rataye ko wayoyi masu haɗawa."
Zenith Flash-Matic ita ce na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta farko mara waya, wacce aka gabatar a shekarar 1955 kuma aka ƙera ta don ta yi kama da bindiga mai ...
"Ga mutane da yawa, shine abin da aka fi amfani da shi a rayuwar yau da kullun," in ji mai ƙirƙira mai dogon lokaci ga Sports Illustrated a shekarar 1999.
A yau, ana iya ganin sabbin abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira a ko'ina. Yawancin mutane suna da na'urorin nesa na TV da yawa a gida, mafi yawa a ofis ko wurin aiki, kuma wataƙila ɗaya a cikin SUV.
Barbara Walters ta bar sako game da 'keɓewarta' ta yarinta da kuma abin da ya kai ta ga nasararta
Amma wa ke tasiri rayuwarmu fiye da kowace rana? Darajar Eugene Polley don ƙirƙirar na'urar nesa ta talabijin ta fara zuwa ga injiniya mai fafatawa, don haka dole ne ya yi fafutuka don samun gadonsa.
Dukansu 'yan asalin ƙasar Poland ne. Ɗan wanda ya ƙirƙira wannan dabbar, Gene Polley Jr., ya shaida wa Fox Digital News cewa Veronica ta fito daga iyali mai arziki amma ta auri baƙar tunkiya.
Mai ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa nesa ta talabijin Eugene Polley tare da matarsa Blanche (Willy) (hagu) da mahaifiyarsa Veronica. (Ta hanyar Gene Polly Jr.)
"Ya tsaya takarar gwamnan Illinois." Har ma ya yi alfahari da dangantakarsa da Fadar White House. "Mahaifina ya haɗu da shugaban ƙasa tun yana ƙarami," in ji Jin Jr.
"Mahaifina yana sanya tsofaffin tufafi. Babu wanda ya taimake shi da iliminsa" - Gene Polley Jr.
Duk da burin mahaifinsa da kuma alaƙarsa, kuɗin iyalin Polly ba su da yawa.
"Mahaifina yana sanya tsofaffin tufafi," in ji ƙaramar Polly. "Babu wanda yake son taimaka masa da iliminsa."
Haɗu da Ba’amurken da ya kafa mashayar wasanni ta farko a Amurka a St. Louis. Louis: Tsohon soja na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu Jimmy Palermo
An kafa Zenith a Chicago a shekarar 1921 ta hannun ƙungiyar abokan hulɗa ciki har da Eugene F. McDonald, tsohon soja a rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, yanzu haka reshen LG Electronics ne.
Kwazo, ƙwarewar tsari da kuma ƙwarewar injiniya ta Polly sun jawo hankalin kwamandan.
Lokacin da Amurka ta shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a shekarun 1940, Polly yana cikin ƙungiyar injiniya ta Zenith da ke haɓaka wani babban shirin makamai ga Uncle Sam.
Polly ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar na'urorin radar, gilashin hangen nesa na dare, da kuma fiyutocin kusanci, waɗanda ke amfani da raƙuman rediyo don tayar da harsasai a wani nisa da aka ƙayyade daga inda aka nufa.
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Polly ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar na'urorin radar, gilashin hangen nesa na dare, da fiyutocin kusanci, na'urori waɗanda ke amfani da raƙuman rediyo don kunna harsasai.
Al'adar masu sayayya bayan yaƙi a Amurka ta bunƙasa, kuma Zenith tana kan gaba a kasuwar talabijin da ke bunƙasa cikin sauri.
Mawakiyar rawa da taurari Whitney Carson ta bayyana jinsin ɗa na biyu da mijinta Carson McAllister
Duk da haka, Admiral MacDonald yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fusata da annobar talabijin mai watsa shirye-shirye: katsewar kasuwanci. Ya ba da umarnin a yi na'urar nesa ta yadda zai iya kashe sautin tsakanin shirye-shirye. Tabbas, kwamandojin sun kuma ga yuwuwar samun riba.
Polly ya ƙera tsarin talabijin mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin hoto guda huɗu, ɗaya a kowane kusurwar na'urar. Masu amfani za su iya canza hoto da sauti ta hanyar nuna Flash-Matic a kan na'urar daukar hoto da aka gina a cikin TV ɗin.
Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙiro talabijin mai sarrafa na'urar nesa a shekarar 1955 ga Zenith. A wannan shekarar, ya nemi izinin mallaka a madadin kamfanin, wanda aka ba shi a shekarar 1959. Ya haɗa da tsarin ƙwayoyin hoto don karɓar sigina a cikin na'urar. (USPTO)
"Bayan mako guda, kwamandan ya ce yana son ya saka shi a cikin samarwa. Ya yi tsada sosai - ba za su iya biyan buƙatun ba."
"Kwamandan McDonald ya ji daɗin shaidar Polly ta Flash-Matic," in ji Zenith a cikin wani labarin kamfani. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ya "umarci injiniyoyi su bincika wasu fasahohi don tsararraki masu zuwa."
Na'urar nesa ta Polly tana da iyakokinta. Musamman ma, amfani da hasken rana yana nufin cewa hasken da ke kewaye, kamar hasken rana da ke shigowa ta cikin gida, na iya lalata talabijin.
Shekara guda bayan da Flash-Matic ya shigo kasuwa, Zenith ta gabatar da sabon samfurin Space Command, wanda injiniya kuma ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira Dr. Robert Adler ya tsara. Wannan wani babban bambanci ne daga fasaha, ta amfani da na'urar duban dan tayi maimakon haske don tuƙa bututun.
A shekarar 1956, Zenith ta gabatar da sabuwar na'urorin nesa na talabijin mai suna Space Command. Dr. Robert Adler ne ya tsara ta. Ita ce na'urar sarrafawa ta farko mai salon "clicker", wadda ta maye gurbin fasahar sarrafa nesa da injiniyan Zenith Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙira. (Zenith Electronics)
Space Command an gina ta ne a kusa da sandunan aluminum masu sauƙi waɗanda ke samar da sauti mai tsayi idan aka buga su a gefe ɗaya ... ana yanke su da kyau zuwa tsayi kuma suna samar da mitoci huɗu daban-daban kaɗan.
Wannan shine na'urar sarrafawa ta farko ta "clicker" - sautin dannawa lokacin da ƙaramin guduma ya bugi ƙarshen sandar aluminum.
Ba da daɗewa ba Dr. Robert Adler ya maye gurbin Eugene Polley a idanun masana'antar a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa nesa ta talabijin.
Ƙungiyar Masu Ƙirƙirar Labarai ta Ƙasa ta yaba wa Adler a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar nesa ta talabijin ta farko mai "aiki". Polly ba memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Masu Ƙirƙirar ba.
"Adler ya yi suna wajen tsammanin yin aiki tare da sauran injiniyoyin Zenith," in ji Polly Jr., yana mai ƙara da cewa, "Ya ɓata wa mahaifina rai ƙwarai."
Disamba, yau a tarihi. A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1958, Colts sun kayar da Giants a cikin "Wasan Mafi Girma na Duk Lokaci" don Gasar NFL.
Polly, injiniyan injiniyanci da ya koyar da kansa ba tare da digirin jami'a ba, ya tashi daga ɗakin ajiyar kayan abinci.
"Ba na son kiransa da abin wuya mai shuɗi," in ji masanin tarihi Zenith Taylor. "Amma shi injiniyan injiniya ne mai girman kai, ɗan Chicago."
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-25-2023
